© 2004-2020 ReligionFacts. As time went on Schleiermacher left to study at the Universit⦠Childhood and education. At the same time Schleiermacher prepared his chief theological work Der christliche Glaube nach den Grundsätzen der evangelischen Kirche (1821–1822; 2nd ed., greatly altered, 1830–1831; 6th ed., 1884). The title of Richard Crouter's Friedrich Schleiermacher: Between Enlightenment and Romanticism places his study right in the centre of the current debate about this 19th century philosopher. Although the scope of this paper does not permit their full exposition, Schleiermacher also reworks traditional Christian theology of belief (90-91), human immortality (99-101), scripture (91), miracles (88), revelation (89), inspiration (89), prophecy (89), and the operation of grace (90). Schleiermacher does not reject doctrine outright. Click Get Books for free books. After the Battle of Jena he returned to Berlin (1807), was soon appointed pastor of the Trinity Church, and on May 18, 1809 he married Henriette von Willich (née von Mühlenfels) (1788–1840), the widow of his friend Johann Ehrenfried Theodor von Willich (1777–1807). Influence. Göttingen, 1906; Eng. For six whole months there is no further word from his son. He was educated in a Moravian school at Niesky in upper Lusatia, and at Barby near Halle. Although it is almost exclusively critical and negative, the book announces Schleiermacher's later view of moral science, attaching prime importance to a Güterlehre, or doctrine of the ends to be obtained by moral action. . Doctrine is the human attempt to describe inward piety with words. Alas! For example, while he acknowledges that conceiving of God as personal is “an almost absolute necessity for the highest stage of piety,” he is quick to point out the weaknesses of such a conception (116). For example, he refers to Spinozaâs non-Christian doctrinal ⦠However, he is quick to add that such knowledge is but a fallible representation of piety (27), and varies depending on the cultural-historical position of individuals, and differing faculties of imagination (98). Meanwhile he studied Spinoza and Plato, both of whom were important influences. Bothered by the Romanticsâ hostility toward religion, Schleiermacher wrote his most famous work, On Religion: Speeches to Its Cultured Despisers (Über die Religion: Reden an die Gebildeten unter ihren Verächtern), in 1799, which made him instantly famous. "Friedrich Schleiermacher." Here Schleiermacher became acquainted with art, literature, science and general culture. In On Religion he tried to ground religion on rational, natural, and empirical grounds from which he could exercise enumeratio, namely, expounding on religion beyond its categorical a priori. In the Monologen he revealed his ethical manifesto, in which he proclaimed his ideas on the freedom and independence of the spirit, and on the relationship of the mind to the sensual world, and sketched his ideal of the future of the individual and of society. Most, if not all of them, were raised in Christian homes, but because — like Schleiermacher himself — they never had had the regeneration through the Spirit of God, their lives were always in a state of flux and their efforts to “serve God” only ended up in total failure. ^^. Finally, as noted, in this third article I will describe Schleiermacher’s pluralistic modern theology as it relates to Christian faith. At the same time he studied the writings of Immanuel Kant and Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi, and began to apply ideas from the Greek philosophers to a reconstruction of Kant's system. Required fields are marked *. On the other hand as one born without any religious beliefs as religion never occurred as a valid topic of conversation at home, a crisis of meaninglessness arose as the visible tip of the iceberg in the midpoint of my teenage period of aimless existence, despite the fact that it had only taken me 7 years to get to college. Schleiermacher Studies And Translations Schleiermacher Studies And Translations by Friedrich Schleiermacher. I particularly enjoyed his conception of religion and reflected on how it can inform our study of religion in the modern age. In On Religion: Speeches to Its Cultured Despisers, Schleiermacher pursues an anthropological theory of religion, aiming at recognizing the transcendental constitution of religious experience. Because of his profound impact on subsequent Christian thought, he is often called the "Father of Modern Liberal Theology" and is considered an early leader in liberal Christianity. Schleiermacher was the son of Gottlieb and Katharina-Maria ( née Stubenrauch) Schleiermacher. For example, he notes that Christian doctrine might have looked very different if the underlying experience of piety had occurred within a different—say Eastern—culture (107). However, pietistic Moravian theology failed to satisfy his increasing doubts, and his father reluctantly gave him permission to enter the University of Halle, which had already abandoned pietism and adopted the rationalist spirit of Friedrich August Wolf and Johann Salomo Semler. It contends that the tests of the soundness of a moral system are the completeness of its view of the laws and ends of human life as a whole and the harmonious arrangement of its subject-matter under one fundamental principle. He also became influential in the evolution of Higher Criticism, and his work forms part of the foundation of the modern field of hermeneutics. We are not associated with any religion or organization. He has himself read some of the skeptical literature, he says, and can assure Schleiermacher that it is not worth wasting time on. Rather, while he affirms that all outward forms of religion spring from the inward experience—and thus “are the same in kind (102)”—he also affirms that the pious feelings producing such different outward forms are themselves different (50). Friedrich was sent at age 15 to a boarding school run by the Moravian Brethren, a pious evangelical group that traced its roots back to Jan Huss. Schleiermacher confessed: "Faith is the regalia of the Godhead, you say. Similarly, his interpretation of scripture, too, was, by no means, only an academic interest. His exceedingly high view of the unconscious moment of piety—described as “above all error and misunderstanding (42)” —is out of step with the traditional doctrine of sin. ReligionFacts provides free, objective information on religion, world religions, comparative religion and religious topics. 1828). I made a drastic decision to quit school altogether hoping to resolve the crisis in total isolation. Heavily influenced by Immanuel Kant, Schleiermacher made two key assumptions. In the second article I explained his identification of true religion with feeling. All rights reserved. At age nine his father came into contact with Pietismandentered into a devotional lifestyle. They have moved to a different kind of particular . Schleiermacher was convinced that Christianity is rooted in the inner life of the people and from that base is productive of new ways of speaking (knowing) and a new mode of life (doing). Schleiermacher challenges the widespread belief that religion was a combination of doctrines and actions, or knowing and doing. The obscurity of the book's style and its negative tone prevented immediate success. He relieved Friedrich Schlegel entirely of his nominal responsibility for the translation of Plato, which they had together undertaken (vols. Over Religion), Schleiermacher is addressing the educated elite of Berlin. However, despite such apparent religious parity, Schleiermacher maintains that Christianity is the “greatest of all religions” and envisions all other religions as subsumed under its aegis at some time in the future (108). Schleiermacher also recasts traditional Christian anthropology in his modern theology. While at boarding school Schleiermacher began toquestion his faith to which the Moravians did not care to give an answer. Applying his flexible view of doctrine, Schleiermacher creatively reshapes modern Christian theology to more closely reflect his personal experience of piety. | About Us | How to Cite | Contact Us | Privacy Policy | Advertising Info. This article is the third in a three-article series. According to Schleiermacher, Christian doctrine is a fallible attempt to describe the feeling of piety, and as such it is subject to radical revision. From 1802 to 1804, Schleiermacher served as a pastor in the Pomeranian town of Stolp. Dogmas and opinions are “a knowledge about feeling,” not knowledge about “the Universe, that gave rise to the feeling (61).”. The religious feelings among Turks and Indians are different—and not accidentally so—from those among Christians (50). In the first book Schleiermacher gave religion an unchanging place among the divine mysteries of human nature, distinguished it from what he regarded as current caricatures of religion, and described the perennial forms of its manifestation. The fundamental principle is that religious feeling, the sense of absolute dependence on God as communicated by Jesus through the church, and not the creeds or the letter of Scripture or the rationalistic understanding, is the source and basis of dogmatic theology. . As time went on Schleiermacher left to study at the Universit⦠This was an attempt to define and defend the reasonableness of the details of the Christian religion. Friedrich Schleiermacher. The twenty-four years of his professional career in Berlin began with his short outline of theological study (Kurze Darstellung des theologischen Studiums, 1811), in which he sought to do for theology what he had done for religion in his Speeches. Halle and Berlin. To the notion that religion must have utility beyond opening uninitiated people to âthe sense for the unity of the original source of life (55),â and to love of the âWorld-Spirit (65),â he replies: âWhat degradation (20)!â Schleiermacher developed a deep-rooted skepticism as a student, and soon he rejected orthodox Christianity. The son of a Prussian army chaplain of the Reformed confession, he was born at Breslau. This interest is borne out by his Confidential Letters on Schlegel's Lucinde, as well as by his seven-year relationship (1798–1805) with Eleonore Christiane Grunow (née Krüger) (1769/1770–1837), wife of Berlin clergyman August Christian Wilhelm Grunow (1764–1831). This established the programme of his subsequent theological system. He was strongly influenced by German Romanticism, as represented by his friend Karl Wilhelm Friedrich von Schlegel. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (with minor edits), under GFDL. As pointed out above, Schleiermacherâs approach to theology was deep, personal, and complex. While he denies that doctrine without inner piety has any value, calling it the “oft-broken echo of that original sound (18),” he affirms that doctrine is “the necessary and inseparable outcome (17)” of inward piety. Born in Breslau in the Prussian Silesia as the grandson of Daniel Schleiermacher, a pastor at one time associated with the Zionites, and the son of Gottlieb Schleiermacher, a Reformed Church chaplain in the Prussian army, Schleiermacher started his formal education in a Moravian school at Niesky in Upper Lusatia, and at Barby near Magdeburg. Lacking scope for the development of his preaching skills, he sought mental and spiritual satisfaction in the city's cultivated society and in intensive philosophical studies, beginning to construct the framework of his philosophical and religious system. by despising religion and ⦠Moravian theology soon ceased to satisfy him, and [â¦] He seems to prefer the term “living” rather than “personal” God and adopts a perspective that borders on pantheism (116). Schleiermacher wrote On Religion while teaching and preaching in Berlin. For Schleiermacher, Christianity is not synonymous with religion. Early career. For example, the idea of an infinite personality makes little sense to Schleiermacher (116). Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher (1768â1834) was born inBreslau as the son of a clergyman of the reformed church. In the first article I began by noting that religion, according to Schleiermacher, is not the outward show of doctrines and systems. Comprised of five speeches on religion, Schleiermacher's book was largely influenced by several rationalist philosophers that Schleiermacher had studied. His earliereducation took place in institutions of the Moravian Brethren(Herrnhuter), a strict pietist sect. Thus, for Schleiermacher, doctrinal diversity must be embraced. In a moving letter of 21 January 1787, Schleiermacher admits that the doubts alluded to are his own. The most influential German theologian of the 19th c., F. D. E. Schleiermacher is generally regarded as the father of modern Protestant thought. However, pietistic Moravian theology failed to satisfy his increasing doubts, and his father reluctantly gave him permission to enter the University of Halle, which had already aband⦠In 1804, Schleiermacher moved as university preacher and professor of theology to the University of Halle, where he remained until 1807, quickly obtaining a reputation as professor and preacher; he exercised a powerful influence in spite of contradictory charges which accused him of atheism, Spinozism and pietism. In the first article I explored Schleiermacher’s rejection of various views of religion held by the despisers. Friedrich Schleiermacher was a German theologian and philosopher; he wrote this book in 1893 to address the Western European intellectualsâ criticism towards religion. Rather, Christianity is a subset of religion, one form of religion. Friedrich Schleiermacher (1768 –1834) was a German theologian, philosopher, and biblical scholar known for his attempt to reconcile the criticisms of the Enlightenment with traditional Protestant Christianity. In preceding centuries, Christian theology was expressed in creeds and confessions based on the authority of the Bible and tradition which extended back to the early church. He took a prominent part in the reorganization of the Prussian church, and became the most powerful advocate of the union of the Lutheran and Reformed divisions of German Protestantism, paving the way for the Prussian Union of Churches (1817). Sounds like you obtained a genuine inward experience that Schleiermacher spoke about yet seemed evasive in his life and teachings. While at boarding school Schleiermacher began to question his faith to which the Moravians did not care to give an answer. Friedrich Schleiermacher is sometimes described as the “father of modern theology“. The purpose of this three-article series has been to trace the conception of religion held by Friedrich Schleiermacher—”father of modern theology”—and its relationship to Christianity. Schleiermacher argued that religion was rooted in human feelings, describing the core of religion as "a sense and taste for the Infinite in the finite." His father has said that faith is the "regalia of the Godhead," that is, God's royal due. There are two ways, he considered, of making a good translation: either the author must be left alone as far as possible and the reader be made to approach, or the reader be left and the author be manipulated. The newer theologies were products of universities that substituted modern, secular theorie⦠Another work, Grundlinien einer Kritik der bisherigen Sittenlehre [Outlines of a Critique of the Doctrines of Morality to date] (1803), the first of his strictly critical and philosophical productions, occupied him; it is a criticism of all previous moral systems, including those of Kant and Fichte — Plato's and Spinoza's find most favour. While piety can be had without doctrine, if piety is reflected upon, doctrine is unavoidable and properly belongs within the sphere of religion (87). Religion is Not Knowing -- Schleiermacher rejects knowledge as the field of religion: âReligion is not knowledge and science, either of the world or of Godâ (On Religion, 36). Almost everyone who has written on Schleiermacher has indicated his profound influence through the reformulation and rethinking of theological propositions, which has earned him the title âthe father of modern theology.â Schleiermacher was born into a religious family within the ⦠Friedrich was sent at age 15 to a boardingschool run by the Moravian Brethren, a pious evangelical group that traced itsroots back to Jan Huss. Then comes the bombshell. Friedrich Schleiermacher has 546 books on Goodreads with 3089 ratings. Schleiermacher was born in Breslau to a Reformed chaplain and the daughter of a Reformed chaplain. Friedrich Schleiermacher generally rejects the notion that religion has some purpose or task beyond itself; religion is an end. In this article I will explain his understanding of religion and its relationship to Christianity as conveyed in the first two speeches of his work, On Religion: Speeches to Its Cultured Despisers. Born in Breslaw, Germany in 1768, Schleiermacher was the son of a Prussain army chaplain. Liberal theology includes a wide variety of theological, philosophical, and biblical perspectives that have their roots in the European Enlightenment (c. 1660â1798). A Calvinist by heritage, he was educated in Moravian & Lutheran schools, studied the philosophy of Kant and became a protégé of F. von Schlegel, leader of the Romantic literary circle at Berlin. Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher was a theologian and philosopher. Product details. 1–5, 1804–1810; vol. This last point makes his view a clear example of modern theology. 6, Repub. One implication of his view of the inherently diverse nature of religion is a modest stance toward religious doctrine. Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher has been described as the Father of Modern Theology. He notes that the outward doctrines and practices of true religion may vary widely. Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher (1768-1834). positivism. In 1804, Schleiermacher moved as university preacher and professor of theology to the University of Halle, where he remained until 1807, quickly obtaining a reputation as professor and preacher; he exercised a powerful influence in spite of contradictory charges which accused him of atheism, Spinozism and pietism. Friedrich Schleiermacher (1768-1834) Schleiermacher, the Study of Religion, and the Future of Theology: A Transatlantic Dialogue by Wilhelm Grab, Brent W. Sockness, and Wilhelm Grab (Theologische Bibliothek Topelmann: De Gruyter) The past three decades have witnessed a significant transatlantic and trans-disciplinary resurgence of interest in the early nineteenth-century Protestant ⦠trans., 1893) and his "new year's gift" to the new century, the Monologen (Soliloquies) (1800; ed. Schleiermacher saw Christianity as this truth and the most perfect form of religion. Known as the 'Father of modern theology' Friedrich Schleiermacher is without a doubt one of the most important theologians in the history of Christianity. Download it Schleiermacher Studies And Translations books also available in PDF, EPUB, and Mobi Format for read it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Largely as a result of skepticismabout certain Christian doctrines taught there, he moved to the moreliberal University of Halle in 1787. Knowledge and activity flow from the experience of piety, but they are not themselves piety. In this period he wrote his dialogue the Weihnachtsfeier (Christmas Eve: Dialogue on the Incarnation) (1806), which represents a midway point between his Speeches and his great dogmatic work, Der christliche Glaube (The Christian Faith); the speakers represent phases of his growing appreciation of Christianity as well as the conflicting elements of the theology of the period. In this work, Schleiermacher defends religion against the skepticism of a modern audience. Finally, in this third article I explained Schleiermacher’s view that Christianity is the superior form among many valid forms of religion, but that Christian doctrine, as fallible human reflections on piety, is subject to revision. Schleiermacher, Friedrich Daniel Ernst (1768-1834): German Theologian Friedrich Schleiermacher is considered the most important theologian of the Romantic movement as well as the founder of modern Protestant theology. At the completion of his course at Halle, Schleiermacher became the private tutor to the family of Friedrich Alexander Burggraf und Graf zu Dohna-Schlobitten (1741–1810), developing in a cultivated and aristocratic household his deep love of family and social life. Schleiermacher died of an inflammation of the lungs on February 12, 1834. Religion is an experience that men and women have; the whole subject takes part in an experiencing that is not enclosed within the circle of subjectivity but is referred to another term (as it were, outside the subject himself or herself), n⦠This is the Christianity he commended to the âcultured despisersâ of religion, and he thought his friends were closer to ⦠In politics Schleiermacher supported liberty and progress, and in the period of reaction which followed the overthrow of Napoleon he was charged by the Prussian government with "demagogic agitation" in conjunction with the patriot Ernst Moritz Arndt. Moreover, Schleiermacher maintains that it is difficult to speak of God as separate and distinct from the world since we know God only through his operation upon us through the world. Schleiermacher Studies And Translations Rather, Christianity is a subset of religion, one form of religion. Your email address will not be published. But what's notable about Fredrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher (1768-1834) -- a name that cannot be more German -- was and is one of Germany's most celebrated theologians of the early Modern era. A classic of modern religious thought, Schleiermacher's On Religion: Speeches to its Cultured Despisers is here presented in Richard Crouter's acclaimed English translation of the 1799 edition, originally published in Cambridge Texts in German Philosophy. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. In The Veiled God, Ruth Jackson Ravenscroft offers a detailed portrait of Friedrich Schleiermacherâs early life, ethics, and theology in its historical and social context.She also critically reflects on the enduring relevance of his work for the study of religion. The Enlightenment had invigorated scientific and historical research, overshadowing theology in the university. Friedrich Schleiermacher was an influencial German theologian and philosopher known for his impressive attempt to reconcile the criticisms of the Enlightenment with traditional Protestant orthodoxy. While he preached every Sunday, Schleiermacher also gradually took up in his lectures in the university almost every branch of theology and philosophy — New Testament exegesis, introduction to and interpretation of the New Testament, ethics (both philosophic and Christian), dogmatic and practical theology, church history, history of philosophy, psychology, dialectics (logic and metaphysics), politics, pedagogy, translation and aesthetics. Similarly, notions of divine resolve, pity, and veracity seem difficult to ascribe literally to God (106). dearest father, if you believe that without this faith no one can attain to salvation in the next world, nor to tranquility in this — and such, I know, is your belief — oh! Born in Breslau in the Prussian Silesia as the son of a Reformed Church chaplain in the Prussian army, Schleiermacher started his formal education in a Moravian school at Niesky in Upper Lusatia, and at Barby near Magdeburg. Schleiermacher is most known for two works: On Religion (1799) and The Christian Faith (1821-2). In this period he wrote his dialogue the Weihnachtsfeier (Christmas Eve: Dialogue on the Incarnation) (1806), which represents a midway point between his Speeches and his great dogmatic w⦠All page references are to that work (pictured to the right). Moreover, it is not a certain kind of activity or knowledge. Learn More in these related Britannica articles: Second, Schleiermacher assumes the Kantian account of knowledge. In the former case, the work At age nine his father came into contact with Pietism and entered into a devotional lifestyle. His orthodox Christian predecessors would have been more skeptical of the products of sinful human nature. He notes that the outward doctrines and practices of true religion may vary widely. In January of 1787, Friedrich Schleiermacher wrote a letter to his parents explaining his position: âI cannot believe that he who called himself the Son of Man was the true eternal God; I cannot believe that his death was a vicarious atonement because he never expressly said so himself; and I cannot believe it to have been necessary, because God, who evidently did not create men for ⦠However, it is crucial to note that Schleiermacher does not simply posit that people in different cultural and historical situations interpret the very same religious feeling differently. Born in Breslaw, Germany in 1768, Schleiermacher was the son of a Prussain armychaplain. However, while there he alsopursued broader humanistic interests. According to this theory, religion is constituted as a specific region of human experience. A. Two years later, in 1796, he became chaplain to the Charité Hospital in Berlin. Brian Gerrish, a scholar of the works of Schleiermacher, writes: In a letter to his father, Schleiermacher drops the mild hint that his teachers fail to deal with those widespread doubts that trouble so many young people of the present day. Augustine: Salvation and the Christian Life, On Religion: Speeches to Its Cultured Despisers, Colossians 2:9-12 Commentary: Raised with Christ, Colossians 2:6-8 Commentary: Continue in Christ, Colossians 2:1-5 Commentary: Countering Deception, Colossians 1:24-29 Commentary: Paul’s Commission to the Gentiles, Colossians 1:21-23 Commentary: Paul’s Gospel, Part 2, Colossians 1:13-20 Commentary: Paul’s Gospel, Part 1, Colossians 1:9-12 Commentary: Knowledge of God’s Will, Colossians 1:3-8 Commentary: Paul’s relationship to the Colossian church, Colossians 1:1-2 Commentary: Paul’s Greeting. Though his ultimate principles remained unchanged, Romanticism led Schleiermacher to place more emphasis on human emotion and the imagination. I cannot believe that he who called himself the Son of Man was the true, eternal God; I cannot believe that his death was a vicarious atonement.". However, he did attend the lectures of Semler, where he became acquainted with the techniques of historical criticism of the New Testament, and of Johann Augustus Eberhard, from whom he acquired a love of the philosophy of Plato and Aristotle. Now I was reading the King James Version of the Bible as it made sense to me being accustomed to William Shakespeare’s English of several centuries before my time. When I came to John 5:24 where Jesus says, “Verily, verily, I say unto you, He that heareth my word and believeth o him that sent me hath (present tense)everlasting life…” This turning point put my life on solid ground to pursue a good education in Biblical theology which led to so many accomplishments in church planting by leading non-churchgoers — even a good number of the worst kinds of heathen — to Christ; in business; and in a writing career. While Christians may validly attempt to define heresy, heretics must not be persecuted for they often represent the productive energy of modern theology (109-110). At the foundation of the University of Berlin (1810), in which he took a prominent part, Schleiermacher obtained a theological chair, and soon became secretary to the Prussian Academy of Sciences. Wrote on religion ( 1799 ) and the Christian faith Gottlieb and Katharina-Maria ( née )! 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Enlightenment had invigorated scientific and historical research, overshadowing theology in the second article I describe! Father of modern theology Advertising Info ) was born in Breslau to a different of. Had invigorated scientific and historical research, overshadowing theology in the first article I describe. Ascribe literally to God ( 106 ) he studied Spinoza and Plato, both of whom were important.! Or knowledge relieved friedrich Schlegel entirely of his nominal responsibility for the existence of God unhelpful...: on religion, one form of religion in the first article I by... Sense to Schleiermacher, Christianity is not the outward doctrines and actions, or knowing and doing though ultimate. For Schleiermacher, Christianity is a subset of religion and religious topics rather, Christianity is synonymous... That is, God 's royal due of Halle in 1787, it is now lost immediate. Contact Us | Privacy Policy | Advertising Info pity, and at Barby near Halle arguments the... About yet seemed evasive in his life and teachings style and its negative tone prevented immediate success royal... From Fichte and Schelling, Germany in 1768, Schleiermacher admits that the doubts alluded to are own. ( 106 ) me, for Schleiermacher, Christianity is not the outward show of doctrines practices! Closely reflect his personal experience of piety, but they are not associated with religion. It to me, for to me it is now lost a Prussain armychaplain books Goodreads. And general culture academic interest chaplain of the Reformed church independent course of and..., Germany in 1768, Schleiermacher admits that the outward show of doctrines actions., as represented by his friend Karl Wilhelm friedrich von Schlegel Britannica articles: for Schleiermacher, doctrinal must! Romanticism led friedrich schleiermacher beliefs to place more emphasis on human emotion and the most perfect form of in... Relates to Christian faith ( 1821-2 ) his orthodox Christian predecessors would have been more skeptical of the on... SchleiermacherâS approach to theology was deep, personal, and took some ideas from Fichte Schelling! And the Christian religion from genuine piety ( 104 ), a strict pietist sect nature of rejected... His son not accidentally so—from those among Christians ( 50 ) third article I began by noting that religion a.
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